THE BCD of Dental Disease

Dental disease is the number one condition afflicting cats and dogs today. It is a disease that I became quite familiar with while working with shelter dogs. In fact, when receiving stray dogs we would use their teeth and gums as an indicator of their age. Were their teeth dirty? White? Worn down? I began to quickly make connections between dogs with diseased, plaque covered teeth and dogs with dull coats, dermatitis, arthritis and external infections. The correlation between periodontal disease, malnutrition and poor health was clear and definite.

In this blog I will talk about the various ways you can keep your dog’s teeth clean and sparkling and why this is vital for his long-term health and vitality.

Gum and dental disease results from a build-up of plaque and bacteria on the surface of the teeth around the gums. The accumulation of plaque and bacteria irritate the gums and leads to infection in the gum tissue and surrounding bone. Prolonged plaque accumulation will cause the formation of a hard tartar called calculus that contributes to the inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) and when thick, can only be removed with dental instruments.

Dental and gum disease can lead to foul breath, painful gums and teeth and systemic infections. In large numbers, the bacteria in the mouth can enter the bloodstream (bacterema) putting stress on the kidneys, liver, heart and consequently, the overall immune system. In 1996 a study from Kansas State University found periodontal disease to be associated with chronic internal organ disease of the heart, kidneys and liver. In addition to this, a dog suffering from gingivitis will be reluctant to play with toys, eat or play with other dogs. A painful mouth can reduce their quality of life. Untreated periodontal disease is a common, severe condition that will compromise your dog’s health and happiness if not prevented.

The BCD of Dental Disease

B:  Brushing your dog’s teeth

Regularly brushing your dog’s teeth is universally recognized as the number one method of preventing dental disease in pets. The purpose of brushing is to prevent plaque from hardening into tartar. Plaque is soft and easily removed with a brushing action, however after 48 hours this plaque begins turning into dental calculus, which is not so easily brushed away. Regular brushing will inhibit the plaque from building up and reduce the number of harmful bacteria that cause gingivitis. Tooth brushes and canine tooth paste can be purchased at your local pet store, veterinary clinic or online. Look for tooth pastes that contain as many natural ingredients as possible in order to reduce the amount of synthetics being ingested by your dog.

How to Brush Your Dog’s Teeth

C: Chewing

Wolves, the ancestors of dogs, have been cleaning their teeth naturally for thousands of years. The chewing action of eating a raw meaty bone, naturally brushes away plaque, thus preventing the development of tartar. Today’s dog relies on its owner for food and dental care leaving the responsibility to provide chewing resources up to dog guardians. Providing your dog with regular treats to chew is not only preventing dental disease, but the action of chewing also aids in preventing boredom, anxiety and stress.

Raw organic bones are the first thing I suggest when offering your dog something to chew. When working with shelter dogs I would offer them raw bones three times a week and soon enough, the majority of our dogs had healthier gums and teeth. The action of chewing a real bone will brush away plaque and bacteria. In addition, raw bones are a natural source of calcium, phosphorus, protein, glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate. Please note that I’m talking about raw, fresh (or frozen) bones and not cooked or boiled bones.

All types of chews can be risky to feed and there is no exception for raw bones. Rawhides, a common, cheap dog chew, can be swallowed or choked on. Synthetic products such as greenies, contain large amounts of fake, man-made ingredients (I counted 34 chemically derived products in greenies). The risk involved with chewing a raw bone is that they can splinter and potentially perforate the intestine or stomach. Therefore, the key with raw bone feeding is to choose the right bone for your dog’s breed, size, age and style of chewing. Dogs that are particularly aggressive chewers are susceptible to cracked teeth and the type of bone they are given must be adjusted for this tendency. If your dog is an aggressive chewer anything they chew should be monitored and regular dental check-ups are a smart idea.

How to Choose What Type of Raw Bone to Give Your Dog

For situations where raw bones are not an option, I turn to dehydrated treats for chewing pleasure. These are the extra body parts of animals that are not eaten by humans, but provide a great source of protein and chewing enjoyment for dogs. Common treats these days are tracheas, chicken or duck feet, pizzels and tendons. Look for treats that are dehydrated naturally without the addition of preventatives or chemicals.

D: Diet

What you feed your dog is extremely important in preventing dental disease. A healthy diet will keep your dog’s immune strong which can reduce the amount of bacteria in his mouth. Whole, natural foods are full of real vitamins, minerals, proteins and fats that keep the body and the immune in peak condition.  Fresh foods, such as parsley and grasses, contain high amounts of chlorophyll; an antioxidant that promotes fresh breath.

Dry diets are marketed as being able to clean your dog’s teeth while they eat. In my experience, they do just the opposite. What’s worse, is that doggy parents can think they are ‘brushing their dog’s teeth’ by feeding crunchy kibbles and therefore put less emphasis on brushing. I think of it like this, if I ate kibble twice a day would my teeth be clean? Most importantly, kibble diets are typically high in carbohydrates such as rice, corn and soy products. These grains supply starches and sugars to the bacteria in the mouth and are taxing for the canine body to digest.

Preventing gum and dental disease in your dog is vital to maintaining health and wellness. If tartar build-up persists and accumulates, serious problems can result that can only be treated with dental surgery. Surgery and anesthesia put stress on the vital organs and immune system, however, in the case of severe dental disease, surgery is your only option. When choosing how to keep your dog's teeth pearly white, do your research, ask questions and remember the BCDs.

Your friends and family will thank you for it, as your dog's clean mouth with be fresh and odour free!

A Historic Herbal Adventure

Germany is a country that has a rich history. Every time I step out my door I discover a new detail in the city that illustrates tradition and custom. Old barn buildings are maintained in their original form and are nestled within villages. Town halls boost medieval architecture and churches stand majestic and proud, weathered by time and use.

This weekend my husband and I took a ferry from Radolfzell to an island called the Reichenau Island. This beautiful, relatively small peninsula (we walked the circumference in only a few hours) was admitted into the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Sites as the "Monastic Island of Reichenau"in 2000. It is being protected for its 'cultural landscape giving an outstanding testimony to the religious and cultural role of a great Benedictine Monastery in the Middle Ages.'

Today, this island is known for its vast organic vegetable gardens that supply fresh produce to local markets. The island maintains a slower pace and is covered by a web of footpathes and trails. With each turn you find a green house or blooming field rich with life. The shores are littered with fishing boats and the beaches have little cafes to enjoy a warm drink. Vacant barrels, boats and buckets are filled with flowers and the air is damp with the smell of soil and pollen.

An old fishing boat transformed into a beautiful container for flowers

Best of all, are the well-preserved churches that display monastic architecture from hundreds of years ago. Of particular interest, was a church's garden that we stumbled upon almost by accident. From reading a small, modest sign we were able to discern that this garden was a re-creation of a garden built between the years 830 to 840 by a monk named Walahfrid Strabo. He had built this garden in order to provide medicinal and cooking herbs to the monastery as well as ornamental plants for decorative use. The garden was rebuilt in 1991 according to Strabo's design complete with surrounding cloister walls.

The Herb Garden on the Reichenau today is a replica of the garden planted in the 11th century

While walking through this garden I couldn't help but think of my love for herbs and their extensive functions. It is fasinating to imagine this monk planting sage, peppermint, oregano and roses. Our world has changed, but these plants, I'm sure, have remained very much the same. We tasted the peppermint, it was strong, sharp and delicious. I wonder if this herb had been also used to soothe upset stomaches, as it is used today.

One of many vegetable gardens on the Reichenau Island

When leaving the island I became overwhelmed with a sense of belonging. I am just one person in a world of billions and yet, after my experience on Sunday, I feel more connected than ever. I was reminded of the quote,

 "after you die, everything you ever owned doesn't matter, and everything you ever did, does."

By planting a garden of common herbs and plants this monk made his place in the world and reminded us of the importance of herbal wellness and health. Our time on this planet might be fleeting, but herbs and plants will continue to support us, heal us and delight our taste buds. It is an insight that I am grateful for, and now, more than ever, am I excited to nurture a garden of my own.

Fresh is BEST; 3 reasons processed food could be harming your dog

 “The living testimony exemplified in the many people and animals who thrive on diets that include plenty of fresh raw vegetables, fruits, dairy products, and other foods is enough to convince me that a diet of cooked foods alone will not maintain your pets in top-notch condition. Moreover, my clinical experience over the last 27 years confirms this. The difference in many animals given a home-prepared, raw food diet after eating processed foods most of their lives is nothing short of amazing.”

This quote from Richard Pitcairn’s book Dr. Pitcairn’s Complete Guide to Natural Health for Cats and Dogs, embodies my belief surrounding fresh food. It is such a relatively simple topic and yet, I think that it is the lack of fresh, whole foods in our diet, and that of our dogs, that is contributing to numerous health problems. We eat processed breakfast bars instead of fresh pieces of fruit, boxed cereal instead of whole, complex grains and frozen, breaded fish or chicken instead of fresh, organic meat from our local farmer. We feed our dogs dry pieces of kibble that have travelled from other provinces or countries, been stored in warehouses and sat in our closet, instead of feeding fresh, whole foods.

To clarify, this is not a blog about the evils of the commercial pet food industry. Nor is this a blog advocating that a raw food diet is the only sane way to feed your pet. My argument is that we all, including our dogs, need whole foods in our diet in order to thrive.

I would like to talk briefly about how pet food is made in our society. In order for kibble to take on the uniform, compact shape that is does, it must go through an extrusion process. Step one of this process occurs through the action of a hammer mill grind. This grind processes truckloads of ingredients  into particles the size of course flour. Next, these ingredients are blended together with a ribbon mixer which uses computer software and scales to ensure the food is mixed in correct proportions. The final step before entering the extrusion machine is to precondition the food by mixing all the wet and dry ingredients together with hot water and pressurized steam. The hot steam begins the cooking process and causes the starches to gelatinize. Finally the food is ready for extrusion. To visualize the extrusion machine, picture a massive metal tube with a screw driver inside it. The preconditioned food is pushed through this machine while being heated to extremely high temperatures. Most, if not all, of the nutrients are destroyed during this process. The mixture exits the extruder through a die that makes uniform kibble pieces which immediately expand when mixed with open air. They puff up to 50% of their size. The final step is called enrobing, where the food is hardened by dryers. While drying, synthetic nutrients are sprayed on (to replenish the lost nutrients) as well as rendered fats to add palatability. The food is then bagged and delivered to various distributing companies around the country.

An example of the extrusion process. Extrusion machines are used for the manufacturing of plastics and pet food.

Three reasons processed foods might be harming your dog

Enzymes

Enzymes are proteins that are used to facilitate a variety of functions in the canine body. They are acquired by two sources; organs within the body and the diet. Common digestive enzymes are amylase, protease and lipase which are used breakdown carbohydrates, proteins and fats into smaller, absorbable compounds. Enzymes allow the food that we feed our pets to be utilized and absorbed for energy. (for an article on the digestive anatomy of dogs click here)

Enzymes denature when heated and therefore are non-existent in processed dog foods. Without enzymes in the food, the body must work harder to produce enzymes which utilize energy. After a few years of feeding only processed food devoid of live, active enzymes, the organs, such as the pancreas and intestine, become susceptible to disease. Nutrients were designed to be eaten in a fresh format with live enzymes and co-nutrients that aid in their utilization within the body.

These days our dogs are being diagnosed with allergies, arthritis, skin disorders, bowel disease, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, cancer and immune diseases, all of which enzyme supplementation are recommended for treatment. To be proactive against the onset of disease, supply enzymes in the diet with fresh, unprocessed food.

Carcinogens

Carcinogens are a fact of life in our world. They are defined as anything that aggravates, promotes or causes cancer. These carcinogens can come in many forms such as smoke and chemicals, however recently, they are being found in pet foods.

Dr. Demian Dressler wrote the book the Dog Cancer Survival Guide which is widely recommended by veterinarians and canine professionals to help guardians care for their dog with cancer. He highly recommends feeding a raw or lightly cooked balanced diet. He writes,

“The high temperatures used to heat food change it enough to produce chemicals called heterocyclic amines, which are known to be extremely potent carcinogens.  Another carcinogen that can be created by applying high heat to food – especially starchy food like the corn found in many commercial dog foods is acrylamide. This carcinogen has recently become the subject of intense study.”

Foods cooked below 212⁰F do not produce carcinogens and unfortunately if your dog’s food is processed, it is cooked at far higher temperatures. There are agencies that regulate carcinogens in pet food, however they do not consider the by-products of manufacturing, such as extrusion, ingredients. Feeding your dog a processed diet could be exposing your dog to the onset of cancer.

The Nature of Kibble

Chronic kidney failure is a disease that affects a large number of dogs. It used to be only older dogs that were being diagnosed, but now juvenile renal disease is noted in over twenty difference breeds. Feeding a processed, dehydrated diet could be contributing to chronic renal failure.

Veterinarian Karen Becker put it nicely in saying: “feeding a balanced, species-appropriate diet instead of commercial pet food will supply your dog’s body with the fundamental nutrition he requires for the health of every organ and system in his body, including his kidneys. Low quality, highly processed pet foods – in particular dry kibble, which lacks the moisture content and quality protein pets need -- are being linked to many of the degenerative diseases seen in pets today.”

When Dr. Becker says ‘species-appropriate’ she is referring to fresh, whole foods that wolves naturally eat in the wild. These foods have a moisture content of seventy to eighty percent and will keep your dog hydrated and healthy.

Conclusion

Many dogs live long lives on processed food, but numerous dogs also suffer from chronic ailments. My childhood dog Maggie lived her entire life on a processed diet and we were advised by our veterinarian not to feed her fresh food (table scraps). She lived till the ripe age of fourteen, however she suffered from chronic ear infections and arthritis. Would fresh food have helped her? I think so. Fresh foods are filled with bio-available vitamins, minerals and antioxidants that likely, she needed. I know one thing for sure, and that is, it would not have done her harm.  Please keep in mind that I’m not recommending to throw out your dogs processed food and replace it with a random assortment of fresh food. My message is simply; fresh is best.

Choosing what to feed your dog is a personal decision based on your experiences, your dog and what feels right for the both of you. When writing about the 7 steps to blissful dog ownership I wrote about the bond you create with your dog when you prepare their food with love and healthful nutrients. It is an unbeatable feeling to feed your family a wholesome and delicious meal. This statement is also true with your dog, as you, their guardian, have complete control over what they eat. Feeding your dog fresh, whole foods will be a rewarding experience for both of you.

 “Dogs, like people, need fresh whole foods. In the past ten years, many long-term studies have shown that vitamins, minerals and antioxidants from whole foods are more nutritious than the synthesized or refined forms found in most dog foods.”  Steve Brown, author of See Spot Live Longer

A traditional German wurstsalat!

As many of you know, I am currently in Germany visiting my husband's family. We live on the shore of the lake of Constance, very close to the Swiss border.

I wanted to share a recipe for a traditional German dish that I have grown quite fond of. This dish is called a wurstsalat, and it is a staple feature on almost all restaurant menus. It is a cold salad customarily served with bread, a crisp beer and sometimes a boiled egg.

The 'wurstsalat' translates into 'sausage salad' in english. Its main ingredient is shredded preserved pork that is tossed with pickles, cheese and onions. This salad bears the brunt of many jokes as the word 'salad' is associated with a light and healthy meal. Instead, this particular salad, boosts soaring levels of salt and fat while often served with a variety of carbohydrates. That being said, life is all about balance, and since my husband and I have been eating with a healthy conscience all week, I feel free to prepare this meal for dinner tongiht (in fact it is marinating in the fridge as I type this). As the saying goes, "When in Rome..."

Due to its popularity, packets of this special sausage are sold pre-cut in German grocery stores. I bought two of these packets for my salad tonight in hopes that there will be plenty leftover for lunch tomorrow.

To make this in Canada, or anywhere other than this particular region of Europe, look for Lyoner sausage and cut them into thin, uniform strips. A meal for four requires about four to five cups of sausage. The rest of the salad ingredients are as follows:

5 large pickles (thinly diced)
1 medium diced red onion
1 medium diced red pepper (this is not traditional, just my way of adding vitamins)
4 thick slices of Emmentaler cheese, cut into small, thin slices
Large loave of crusty bread

Dressing
3 tbsp olive oil
3 tbsp white vinegar
1 tbsp mustard
pepper

Mix all ingredients together with the sausage thoroughly. Let it marinate in the fridge for at least four hours. Serve with a cold lager, a bowl of boiled eggs and endless bread.

Tonic Tuesdays: Dandelion

This week’s tonic herb is the dandelion plant (Taraxacum officinale). I wanted to write about this plant because lately I’m reminded of it every time I step outside. It seems to be able to survive everywhere, but not only does it survive, it thrives! It has bright green leaves, a vibrant yellow flower and a strong, long root that perseveres in many gardens. In short, the dandelion is a plant that we see often, but frequently don’t recognize for its beneficial properties.

Let’s start with a little history. The dandelion plant was cultivated and revered by early European settlers. It was quick and easy to grow and considered a cure-all tonic for common ailments. In 1831, the dandelion plant was incorporated into the U.S. Pharmacopoaia as a broad spectrum tonic but with the development of allopathic medicines in the following years its usage slipped to the sidelines. Recently, the dandelion has come back into the spotlight as alternative methods gain favour.

The Leaves

The dandelion plant can be broken into two parts; the leaves and the root. The green leaves are referred to as a bitter tonic; a tonic that stimulates digestion and settles the stomach. These tonics are traditionally consumed before a meal in order to stimulate gastric secretions and improve nutrient absorption. The dandelion leaf is also a potent diuretic, which increases urination and aids in the removal of waste from the body. By flushing waste, dandelion gently cleanses the liver, kidneys and digestive tract thereby increasing function and performance.

Nutrient Content

Dandelion leaves are packed with nutrients. One cup of chopped leaves contains over twice the amount of protein, vitamin A, vitamin C and calcium to that of spinach. It is also rich in iron, potassium, magnesium and folate. The impressive nutrient content of this herb has brought it into organic markets and restaurants as a unique and healthy addition to soups and salads.  For your dog, small additions of this herb will promote overall health and harmony within the body. The best methods are finely chopped, pureed or steeped. They are bitter, so mix well with the food or soak in a broth for added palatability. The best time of year to harvest dandelion greens is in the spring when they are fresh and sweet (sort of). For long term storage, you can dry them out and use the dried flakes in a steeped broth or in their crumbled form. Remember to be sure they are completely dry and free from mold.

The Root

Conversely, the root of this plant is best harvested in the late fall when all of the nutrients have concentrated in the ground. Dandelion root is a fantastic liver tonic as it gently stimulates bile production and increases circulation within the liver. As the liver is the primary organ for filtration, supporting it will boost your dogs energy and immune system. Clean your harvested roots thoroughly and serve fresh or dried. Remember that dogs cannot breakdown cell walls so be sure to thoroughly pulverize the plant in order to free its nutrients.  

The most important thing to remember about dandelion is that they are safe to use. Your dog cannot overdose, however, when supplying any herb to a diet use common sense. Only small additions are required to provide healthful benefits, whereas large amounts could be refused or cause digestive upsets (just like they would for us!). Don’t forget to add some of these fabulous herbs to your meal as well!

For a great dandelion salad recipe (for humans!)

For the complete nutrient content of dandelion click here

Lentil and bacon spring salad

Salads are one of my favourite meals to prepare for dinner. They are light, versatile and packed with nutrients. I know this is a blog about canine nutrition, but I figure that if you are interested in nutrition for your dog, then like me, you are also interested in nutrition for yourself and family!

Ingredients

Sesame, sunflower and pumpkin seeds

2 big handfuls of baby arugula (about 2 cups)

1 medium red pepper

1/2 red onion

1 large carrot, grated.

A handful of sesame seeds, pumpkin seeds and sunflower seeds, raw (not salted)

6 strips of bacon

2 tbsps chopped parsley

1.5 cups gourmet organic lentils, cooked in a pinch of salt and diced herbs
(I have tried both organic lentils and normal lentils and the taste difference to me is incredible. Organic lentils are by far superior in texture and taste.)

Dressing

¼ cup olive oil
2 tbsp balsamic  reduction (or just plain balsamic vinegar, but I like the sweetest of the reduction as it offsets the bitterness of the arugula)
1 tbsp lemon juice
2 cloves garlic minced

Instructions.

Mix all the salad dressing ingredients together and let sit while preparing the rest of the salad.

Cook lentils until tender. Let cool. Cook bacon until nice and crispy.

Wash arugula and put a large handful onto each plate. Decorate with strips of red pepper, parsley, grated carrot, thinly sliced red onions and the seeds. This is my favourite part and I always take my time to make it look nice. Add the bacon and then sprinkle the lentils all around the plate. Cover with dressing and enjoy with a nice malbec!

Nutritional content:

Serves 2
Calories per serving: 621
25 grams protein, 42 grams carbohydrates, 40 grams of fat
This salad is a great source of folate, iron, potassium, vitamin A and vitamin C

Enjoy!

Supplements (part 1)

Supplementation are a rapidly growing area of the health and wellness industry. They are marketed in our pet stores, health stores, grocery stores and in our food products. I once gave a consultation to a dog whose owner was a cancer survivor. She told me without hestitation that she swore by supplements and believed they are what helped her beat cancer.

As someone that trusts in the power of nutrients and food, my approach to supplementation is that if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it. A healthy dog eating a balanced, bio-available diet, should not need supplementation. A healthy diet will provide all the vitamins, minerals, omega 6’s and other various nutrients that the body needs to function smoothly. That being said, we live in a world that is getting progressively filled with chemicals and carcinogens, and supplements can help to arm ourselves, and our pets, against the harmful effects.

For that reason I like to divide supplements into two categories.

Category 1: Proactive Supplements; support the immune system and organs

Category 2: Target Supplements; specific additions into the diet that are used to address a specific health concern. Ie pancreatitis, irritable bowel (category 2 supplements will be outlined in a blog later on)

PROACTIVE SUPPLEMENTS

Fish Oils & Vitamin E

We all know about omega 3 fatty acids and their fantastic health benefits. If you don’t and are interested, please check out my website. The ideal ratio of ingested omega 3 to omega 6 is 1:1 to 1:4. The problem is that our diets, and that of the animals we eat, are extremely high in omega 6 fatty acids and this offsets the balance. This is, in part, a result of an agriculture industry that no longer produces food naturally. Omega 6 fatty acids are extremely high in plant oils such as corn and soy. Studies show that  the meat of grass-fed cows (grass is rich in omega 3s) have a ratio of 1:1 omega 3 to omega 6 fatty acids.  Cows fed corn and soy (the vast majority) produce meat in the range of 1:20.

A great website to read about this topic is www.tendergrassfedmeat.com

The best source of omega 3 is from cold-water fish such as mackerel, white fish, herring or salmon. Another great source is cod liver oil which has 20 grams of omega 3 per 100 grams of food (compared to 1.5 grams of omega 3s in herring or salmon). I caution the use of cod liver oil however as it is also very high in vitamin A and vitamin D, which are the two vitamins that are accumulated in the liver and are toxic at high levels. Another high source of omega 3 is flax seed oil, however only 7-15% of the omega 3  is available to the canine body as it needs extensive conversion. The best source is wild, fish oil which can be found in your local health food store.

When supplementing with fatty acids it is always wise to also add vitamin E. Vitamin E is a potent antioxidant that prevents the peroxidation of lipids within the cellular membranes. Basically, it protects the omega 3 that you are supplementing, but in this process, it is destroyed. Supplementing the diet three to four times a week with vitamin E will reduce any risk of a deficiency developing.

Joint Supplement

These days approximately 20% of adult dogs are afflicted with arthritis and that number is on the rise. Supplementing early with glucosamine and chondroitin is a great proactive approach to preventing the onset of arthritis as these compounds block the action of cartilage destroying enzymes and promote the cartilage producing cells.  If your dog is already showing signs of arthritis, glucosamine can help support the joint mobility and repair the collagen damage. Raw meaty bones are a great source of natural glucosamine and chondroitin , however they are not suitable for all dogs (Kya looks at a chicken neck like it’s a worm) and in that case there are great liquid alternatives available. Green Lipped Mussels is an example that I’ve been trying recently with great results.

Green Food

I love green foods. I’m not sure why, but something about even the word, green, sounds healthy and revitalizing. Am I a product of marketing or what? Green foods include kelp, spirulina, alfalfa, barley or wheat grass and your tonic herbs.  Green foods support and gently cleanse respiratory, digestive, renal, hepatic and circulatory systems. They are proven to have potent antiviral, antimicrobial and anti inflammatory properties.  They are generally inexpensive to purchase (or grow in some cases) and they will make your dog feel great!

Introducing Tonic Tuesdays

Herbs have been a passion of mine ever since I was a little girl. My family and I would spend our summers at our family cabin in Red Bay Ontario where we were immersed in nature. I spent a large portion of my time up there pouring over old herb books fantasizing about curing my family from imaginary ailments with tinctures and teas. I read about the calming effects of chamomile, the fortifying properties of hawthorn and the purifying benefits of nettle. I grew a herb garden with my mother which helped me to appreciate the challenges of organic gardens as well as added dimension and flavour to our family meals.

It is therefore a natural progression that my interest in herbs cross paths with my love of dogs. In fact after reading many books and watching several educational videos on the topic I feel confident that common herbs can be used to strengthen the immune system and increase overall health.

To be clear, I am not a herbalist and I am therefore not recommending doses of herbs for medicinal purposes. My objective with herbs and Tonic Tuesdays is merely to illustrate ways in which you, as a dog owner, can fortify your pet’s diet and boost his overall health. In fact, each new herb that I introduce weekly can also be added to your personal diet as there is no better method of receiving vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients than from their natural, whole sources.

What is a tonic herb?

Gregory Tilford, a well known veterinary herbalist, defines tonic herbs as a herb that strengthens the body’s natural healing functions. A formal definition states that it is any substance that balances the biochemical and physiological events that comprise the body systems.

A tonic herb must be free of side-effects and have no adverse reactions in small amounts. A tonic herb gently supports the organ systems (or sometimes a specific organ) which overtime improves its function and in turn, promotes overall health and wellness. In short, tonic herbs are not a quick fix. They are a method of supporting and improving a nutritious and natural diet.

Remember that when sourcing herbs for your dog, seek out organic, local growers. Our purpose in using tonic herbs is to increase health and wellness and we can’t accomplish this if we’re feeding herbs filled with chemicals and pesticides.

Without further ado, this week’s tonic herb is a spring of parsley!

Parsley is best served fresh, in either a chopped or pureed form. Parsley supports the immune system, freshens breath and can increase joint mobility. I recommend a teaspoon of parsley for a small breed dog and up to one to two tablespoons for a large breed dog. Remember, you cannot overdose your dog on parsley, as excess parsley will just be excreted. That being said, dogs are not herbivores and will likely not enjoy eating a salad for dinner. Therefore, use a reasonable amount and enjoy the benefits!

For a detailed article on the benefits of parsley click here

The Question of Garlic

Garlic is a staple component in my kitchen. I add it to soups, salad dressings, pastas and savoury sauces. My favourite source for garlic is the large, organic bulbs I find at my local farmer’s market; the flavour and aroma can’t be beat!

I was recently alerted that garlic is listed on the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center’s website. This struck me as odd as I have always recommended garlic for its wonderful health properties. It warranted further investigation and this is what I’ve found.

Fresh garlic cloves have antifungal, antiseptic, antibiotic and antiviral properties. Studies have shown garlic to be effective in fighting cancer, diabetes and other common canine diseases such as liver, heart and kidney. It has been proven to prevent internal parasites (such as worms) and external parasites (such as fleas and ticks).

Garlic is in the same family as the onion, which is why it can be seen listed as toxic for dogs and cats. Both garlic and onion contain thiosulphate, a substance which can cause anemia in dogs, however the levels of thiosulphate in garlic are scarcely traceable. The active ingredient in garlic, which is responsible for its pungent smell ,is a substance called allicin. It is produced when a clove of garlic is chopped or minced as this process mixes the amino acid alliin with the enzyme alliinase. Allicin is an unstable substance and quickly oxidizes; therefore the best form of garlic to feed your pet is fresh and organic, minced straight into the food.

Like any herb or supplement, I don’t suggest feeding garlic every day as the body can learn to rely on it. I suggest mixing garlic with your dog’s dinner 3-5 times per week over a period of two to four months. This process is most effective at the beginning of flea season (June to October in Ontario, Canada) and can help you avoid the use of dangerous chemical flea treatments. The suggested dose for garlic is one clove for a large dog (50 lbs plus), ½ clove for a medium dog (20-50 lbs) and ¼ clove for those adorable tiny breeds. I’ve read suggestions to feed up to one clove per 10 lbs of body weight, but to me that seems a bit excessive.

In conclusion, go ahead and feed garlic!!!  Remember that ANYTHING fed in access can lead to toxicity, so add it in moderate amounts and enjoy the healthier results. For further readings on garlic please follow these links:

Dr. Shawn Messonnier and garlic

Dr. Mercola on garlic

Dr. Becker on fleas and natural treatments

7 secrets to dog ownership BLISS

I have been recently reading a lot about friendship and happiness in a book called The Happiness Project by Gretchen Rubin. In this book she quotes Epicurus as saying;

“Of all the things that wisdom provides for living one’s entire life in happiness, the greatest by far is the possession of friendship.”

Now many would argue (including myself most of the time) that a friendship with another person is much more rewarding than one with your dog. With a human friend you can relate, discuss, seek guidance, and enjoy meaningful discussions that can ease your stress and enrich your life. Dogs, as we know, cannot provide us with this type of friendship, but I would argue that what they offer is equally important.

Here are my seven secrets to improving your relationship with your dog and ultimately becoming a blissful dog owner. These tips are an accumulation of my experiences with my dogs and what I have witnessed from other canine-human relationships around me.

1.       Happy Mom/Dad = Happy Dog

If you are happy, your dog will be happy as well.
That statement may, or may not, be true depending on your beliefs in canine behaviour, emotions and science. There are hundreds of books on the market these days seeking to define and explain our unique relationship with dogs that dates back over 140,000 years. Stanley Coren, author of the book, How Dogs Think, noted that the brain of a dog is almost identical to that of a human in terms of structure, chemical composition and electrical activity. He argued that there may be a lot of similarities between the workings of a dogs’ brain and a humans’.

I am not a canine behaviouralist. In truth, I sometimes find the study of behaviour repetitive and boring. It has its value, but it is not my thing. In spite of this, I feel deeply that when I am happy, my dog is happy. I don’t know how to explain this in scientific terms other than to quote Kevin Behan, who wrote,

“Dog and owner form a group mind. The best explanation for everything canine, from the evolution of the wolf to the domestication of the dog – to the incredible emotional relationship that has emerged between the modern pet and its owner – is that dogs feel what we feel.”

Since happiness has been proven to increase health, energy and self-confidence it is a worthy quest to be happy, not just for yourself, but also for your dog!

2.       Walk daily with your dog

These days we are busy people. Our days start before the sun rises and we are often working, travelling or socializing long after the sun has set. To accommodate our active pets we employ dog walkers, doggy daycares and remarkable eight hour dog chews in order to satisfy basic needs. Owners with backyards can too often rely on this space to fulfill exercise needs.
To achieve dog ownership bliss you must walk your dog everyday for at least half an hour. This simple act between you and your dog alleviates stress, strengthens your bond and improves health. Thayer, author of Calm Energy; how people regulate mood with food and exercise, found a clear and strong relationship between the number of steps taken each day to overall mood and energy level. He wrote ‘walk more, be happier, have higher self-esteem, be more into your diet and nutritiousness of diet.’

In addition to the health benefits, walking your dog helps you feel apart to your neighborhood and community which increases your feeling of connection and happiness. Remember; happy owner = happy dog!
For a truly blissful companionship, leave the heavy mental collars at home.

3.       Be Impeccable with your word

A staple book on my bedside table is The Four Agreements by Don Miguel. He has written an extremely popular and successful book on A Practical Guide for Personal Freedom. I try to follow his wisdom in my life and find his words can help to lighten my mood and increase my motivation. 
When considering blissful dog ownership I find his words can still hold meaning. The first agreement, be impeccable with your word is summarized as,

“Speak with integrity. Say only what you mean. Avoid using the word to speak against yourself or to gossip about others. Use the power of your word in the direction of truth and love.”
When speaking with your dog only say what you mean. Our dogs are often confused when we say ten words in lieu of one request. We have all heard the frantic, stressed owner at the dog park. 

“Fido, Fido, Fido, Fido……….COME! Don’t do that! Hey, hey FIDDOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO. Come here, come here, SIT SIT SIT SIT. Good dog. Ok Go!” 

This one-sided conversation can continue for the entire park adventure and I would argue that it is stressful for yourself, your dog and it is noise pollution for those around you.  You are at the park to enjoy nature, play and relax so do just that and if you find you cannot relax when your dog is off leash, then keep the leash on.

Our dogs pick up our emotions, feelings and moods in our voice intonation. Their ability to hear is far greater than ours. When speaking to your dog remember that sometimes a whisper can be just as effective as a barked command. Remember to praise your dog. Remember to tell your dog that you love her/him. Be impeccable with your word and you will both benefit.

4.       Find a holistically minded veterinarian

Taking your dog regularly to the vet is a normal part of responsible dog ownership. Developing a strong relationship based on trust and communication with your veterinarian will help improve your relationship with your dog.

All dogs have different personalities. Some dogs run into a vet clinic with eager anticipation of treats while others become fearful and aggressive as they link the smell to negative experiences. My dog would start to shake while walking into the veterinary parking lot and it wasn’t until I found a holistic veterinarian that her reactions began to change.

A holistic, alternative or naturopathic veterinarian aims first, to do no harm. The philosophy is to treat the entire body and not just the range of symptoms. They utilize minimally invasive therapies such as acupuncture, massage or herbal medicine before prescribing traditional medications with numerous side effects. A holistic veterinarian will look at emotional history, exposure to vaccines, overall health and diet to understand what may be causing the present symptoms. Their focus is to bring the body into balance with knowledge that a healthy body can heal itself.

A holistically minded veterinarian will minimize chemicals and synthetics ingested by your dog, which will ultimately lead to a healthier dog and consequently a pleased owner.

5.       Prepare your dog’s food by hand

In Cesar Milan’s book called Cesar’s Way, he wrote that part of his routine in his dog psychology center was to hand-prepare his dogs’ food. He theorized that his dogs would smell his scent on the food which would in turn reaffirm his place as leader of the pack.

I don’t necessarily agree that food preparation equals pack leadership, but I do feel that the routine and time of preparing your dogs’ food can increase your bond with your dog. By taking five minutes, once or twice a day, to add little extras to your dogs food you are not only increasing the nutrient content of the meal, but you are increasing your dog’s anticipation and your own pleasure of providing and care taking.

I try to prepare my dog’s food at the same time each day as schedule and routine are an important aspect to your dog's day. Like humans, dogs crave variety so every day I add a little something different to Kya’s raw food. I rotate through sardines, raw eggs, extra veggies from dinner (mashed sweet potatoes are her favourite) or other appropriate table scraps. These additions only make up a small portion of her meal but I mix it all together with her supplements and give it to her with pride. No matter where Kya is in the house, when I bring out her dog bowl and begin my preparations she is by my side with eager anticipation.

With the convenience of commercial food is it easy these days to pour some food into a bowl, or even to leave it out all day. I prefer the pleasure of preparing my dog a whole, fresh diet that I know will add vitality to her life, and with the little extras, excitement and anticipation to her day.  

6.       Join a dog pack

One of the best ways to bond with your dog and therefore increase dog ownership bliss is to meet with other friends and their dogs. Consider starting a dog club in your community where you meet weekly to hike some trails. Although dog parks are becoming increasingly popular in our society a recent survey by the Whole Dog Journal found that only 7% of dog owners found satisfaction in taking their dogs to the dog park, while 42% preferred a nice, long walk. Dog parks can be a source of stress and fear for dogs that have had negative experiences or a lack of early socialization. Conversely, the motion of hiking with your dog and other dogs can be relaxing and stress relieving. Dogs that might normally become aggressive at the dog park are comfortable and happy hiking with a group of dogs and people. In addition, as a dog owner you have a chance to catch up with your friends, enjoy the outdoors, discuss various canine topics and get some exercise!

7.       Trust yourself and trust your dog

These days the dog industry is sky rocketing and with it, the amount of information available to dog owners. Making simple choices can become overwhelming when too many options are available. We all know the feeling of staring blankly at a ten page restaurant menu. Other dog owners can be especially difficult with their constant dispersible of advice, facts and pointers. I don’t have children, but I can only assume a similar phenomenon occurs in the parenting world, much to parents’ frustration and annoyance.

When making decisions for yourself and your dog remember these tips;

i.                     Don’t be afraid to ask questions

ii.                   Listen to your dog

iii.                  Don’t make assumptions

iv.                 Read ingredient lists and labels

v.                   If you don’t want a worried dog, don’t be a worrier

vi.                 Always follow your gut; trust in yourself and your dog

Spring grazing, is your dog eating grass?

The majority of dog owners when asked that question will answer YES! This can be puzzling as we know dogs are classified as (facultative) carnivores not herbivores or omnivores.  In fact, dogs do not even contain the enzyme cellulase which is necessary to digest grass.

So why do they eat it?

As a dog owner and professional I have frequently observed canine grazing, especially in young, fresh spring grasses. During my years working in an animal shelter it would be common for me to take a dog for a walk and then find myself waiting for her while she ate huge gulps of bright green grass. It seemed to me that dogs craved something in that grass and that could be the only explanation for their behaviour. It is definitely an observation that tweaked my curiousity and warranted further investigation.

When recently reading the introductory chapter to The Complete Herbal Book for the Dog, the author, Juliette de Bairacli Levy, described Couch grass (also known as Dog Grass) as dog’s favourite herb. Juliette was a world renown European herbalist as well as a pioneer in Holistic Veterinary Medicine. She broke new ground with her ideas on natural rearing and herbal dog care and she documented in her studies that dogs preferred to nibble on fresh shoots of Couch grass. Juliette theorized that dogs used the fibrous grass as a natural method of cleansing the bowels, resolving upset stomach (vomiting) and as a remover of worms.

Gregory Tilford, author of, Herbs for Pets; all you ever wanted to know, observed that dogs with free range of the garden would seek out quarkgrass in the early spring. Tilford suggested that this was the resulting behaviour of a winter without access to wild, green plants and therefore it was a way to acquire vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients. Fresh, green grasses are excellent sources of essential fatty acids for skin and coat maintenance, silicon for strong joints and connective tissues, enzymes for digestive support and detoxication of waste materials, in addition to valuable chlorophyll, a potent antioxidant.

Although grass eating may not be the direct result of a deficiency, I don’t think that it is something to ignore. If your pet suddenly starts eating large clumps of grass, frequently followed by vomiting, it may be an indication of an upset stomach or more. A visit to the vet could clear up any concerns. For regular grazers (and all dogs in generally), consider helping your dog out by adding a variety of chlorophyll rich foods to the diet.   Studies show that juiced wheatgrass (a high source of chlorophyll)  cleanses the blood and the organs, protects the body against carcinogens, strengthens cell and enzyme function and above all, is readily absorbed by the body. Adding a small amount of wheatgrass juice with the pulp to your dogs’ food can be a powerful way of promoting overall health and wellness. Alternatively, feeding small amounts of fresh, juiced herbs is a great way to compliment a nutritious diet. Herbs such as parsley and peppermint are well known for their medicinal properties as well as being very high in vitamins and antioxidants. A touch of chopped fresh parsley and peppermint can aid in digestion, freshen breath and reduce inflammation.  Remember that variety is key to creating a well-rounded diet and that if in doubt, consult your holistic veterinarian.  

As spring is in full swing, get out your gardening gloves and get working on your fresh, organic herbal garden…and of course bring your dog! Stay tuned for future articles on herbs such as parsley, camomile and dandelion and how they can help to calm, balance and support your friend!